Question

英语原文翻译，高手请进，悬赏。

请高手帮我翻译以下原文，是哈罗德·D.拉斯韦尔 写的《社会传播的结构与功能》一书中的章节，书是英文版的，没发现有中译版，所以才把这个放此地，请高手帮忙～！

The Structure and Function of Communication in Society

THE ACT OF COMMUNICATION
A CONVENIENT WAY to describe an act of communication is to answer the following questions:
Who
Says What
In Which Channel
To Whom
With What Effect
The scientific study of the process of communication tends to concentrate upon one or another of these questions. Scholars who study the “who”, the communicator, look into the factors that initiate and guide the act of communication. We call this subdivision of the field of research control analysis. Specialists who focus upon the “says what” engage in content analysis. Those who look primarily at the radio, press, film, and other channels of communication are doing media analysis. When the principal concern is with the persons reached by the media, we speak of audience analysis. If the question is the impact upon audiences, the problem is the impact upon audiences, the problem is effect analysis.
Whether such distinctions are useful depends entirely upon the degree of refinement which is regarded as appropriate to a given scientific and managerial objective. Often it is simpler to combine audience and effect analysis, for instance, than to keep them apart. On the other hand, we may want to concentrate on the analysis of content, and for this purpose subdivide the field into the study of purport and style, the first referring to the message, and the second to the arrangement of the elements of which the message is composed.

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Enticing as it is to work out these categories in more detail, the present discussion has a different scope. We are less interested in dividing up the act of communication than in viewing the act as a whole in relation to the entire social process. Any process can be examined in two frames of reference, namely, structure and function; and our analysis of communication will deal with the specializations the carry on certain functions, of which the following may be clearly distinguished: (1) The surveillance of the environment; (2) the correlation of the parts of society in responding to the environment; (3) the transmission of the social heritage from one generation to the next.

Answer 1

谷歌翻译 http://translate.google.com/?hl=zh-CN 都是用这个的

有的翻译 会让人看不清楚 只供参考

结构与功能的通信学会

首都通信
一种方便的方法来描述行为的沟通是回答下列问题：
谁
说是什么
在该频道
向谁
有什么影响
科学研究的过程中的沟通往往集中的一个或另一个对这些问题的。谁学者研究“谁”的沟通，考虑的因素，启动和引导行为的沟通。我们呼吁这个细分领域的研究分析。专家谁重点的“说什么”进行内容分析。这些谁期待主要是在广播，报刊，电影，和其他的沟通渠道，这样做媒体的分析。当主要关注的是人所达成的媒体，我们讲的受众分析。如果问题是影响观众，这个问题是影响观众的问题是，效果分析。
这种区分是否有用完全取决于各国的完善程度被视为适当的某一科学和管理的目标。常常是简单的合并对象和效果分析，例如，而不是让他们分开。另一方面，我们可能要侧重于分析的内容，并为此细分领域的研究旨趣和风格，首先指的是信息，第二次的安排的内容的消息组成。

结构与功能
诱人的，因为它是要制定这些类别中更详细，目前的讨论有不同的范围。我们不太关心分割行为的沟通比看作为一个整体与整个社会的进程。任何程序可以在两帧审查范围，即：结构与功能;和我们的分析，沟通，处理的专业进行一定的职能，其中有以下明确区分： （ 1 ）监测环境（ 2 ）相关的部分社会在应对环境; （ 3 ）传播的社会遗产从一代一代传下去。

Answer 2

no

Answer 3

其实可以下个 金山词霸的，一下就翻译过来，你拿到上面别人也是这样做的，而且翻译的还不错``

Answer 4

先标一下 等下再译....