Question

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通过导热系数来计算通过活动层的年热收支的依据是傅里叶传热定律。垂直一维方向进入土体的热通量可近似表达为：
（1-1）
式中， 为热流通量， 为土体导热系数， 和 分别为h2和h1深度处温度， （=h2-h1）为土层厚度。应用这一公式进行计算的前提是一维稳定温度场，所谓一维是指单向，没有别的方向的热收支，或者别的热收支特别小，可以忽略不计。所谓稳定，就是指温度场不变化。对于天然条件下多年冻土活动层来说，它基本是符合一维这个条件的。但因为温度场总是不停地变化，特别是在冻融交替的季节。考虑到这一因素，上述文献中多数都做了假设，如假定相变热可以忽略不计，或者把含土冰层近似地认为是冰。
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回答截止时间放宽至1.27日21:00。

Answer 1

Thermal conductivity to calculate the annual heat balance of payments basis through the active layer is the Fourier heat transfer law. Vertical one-dimensional direction into the soil heat flux can be approximately expressed as:
(1-1)
Where the heat flux, the thermal conductivity of the soil, and were h2 and h1 at the depth of temperature (= h2-h1) for the soil layer thickness. Applying this formula to calculate the premise is a one-dimensional steady temperature field, the so-called one-dimensional refers to the one-way, no other direction of the heat balance of payments, or other heat budget are very small and negligible. The so-called stability, refers to the temperature field does not change. For the natural conditions of permafrost active layer, it is basically in line with the one-dimensional conditions. However, because the temperature field is always constantly changing, especially the season of alternate freezing and thawing. Taking this into consideration, the above-mentioned literature, most of them do assumptions, such as assumed that the thermal phase transition can be neglected, including soil ice that the ice.

Answer 2

Through the coefficient of thermal conductivity to calculate through the activities of the thermal balance layer are based on Fourier heat transfer law. The vertical direction of soil into a d heat flux can approximation for:
(1-1)
Type, for heat flux, as the soil coefficient of thermal conductivity, and were h2 and h1 depths temperature, (= h2-h1) for soil layer thickness. Application of this calculation formula is the premise of a one-dimensional steady temperature field, the so-called a d is refers to the one-way, no other direction of heat balance of payments, or other heat budget special small, can be neglected. The so-called stability, is refers to a temperature changes. For natural conditions of permafrost activities, and it's basic conforms to a d this condition is. But because the temperature field is always keep changing, especially in the freeze-thaw alternate season. Considering the factors, the above documents do most of the hypothesis, such as assume that phase change thermal be ignored, or the soil containing approximately think ice is ice.